Can Kosovo's agriculture sector lead the way in green transformation?

A recent report by the Promoting Private Sector Employment (PPSE) project sheds light on the current state of sustainable agriculture, revealing both milestones and the considerable work that lies ahead.

Recent developments show Kosovo’s agricultural sector moving toward sustainability, with many farmers incorporating eco-friendly practices such as solar energy, organic fertilizers, and drip irrigation systems. Certifications like Global GAP and organic labels are also gaining ground, largely due to external grants and subsidies that encourage these green methods. Yet, for many farmers, sustainable practices remain financially challenging without clear, immediate economic benefits. These economic concerns, combined with a need for more technical guidance, have slowed wider adoption.

The report suggests that financial incentives alone are insufficient. What’s needed is a shift in perception that sustainable practices can be economically viable in the long run. For this to happen, a robust infrastructure of technical support, ongoing training, and practical “role model” farms could build confidence in sustainable methods among Kosovo’s agricultural workers.

While progress is apparent, Kosovo’s agriculture sector faces structural challenges such as land fragmentation, outdated infrastructure, and limited access to finance. These issues weigh heavily on small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) that form much of the sector. Government and donor support has made some inroads but is often fragmented. Support programs need better coordination, more accessible training, and outreach to inform farmers about available resources.

On the regulatory side, Kosovo’s policies are slowly aligning with EU standards, yet gaps remain, particularly in environmental protection and sustainable land use. The Agriculture and Rural Development Strategy (ARDS) for 2022-2028 aims to harmonize with the EU’s Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), setting ambitious targets. The report calls for accelerated progress in implementing these policies, especially in areas like water management and resource conservation.

Kosovo’s path to green agriculture is full of opportunities. One critical area is strengthening technical support systems, which could empower more farmers to adopt sustainable practices with confidence. Establishing support offices in local municipalities and fostering public-private partnerships could improve resource accessibility and practical knowledge sharing.

Improving market access for sustainably-produced goods is another crucial opportunity. Kosovo’s agricultural sector, particularly the medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) market, holds strong potential for growth in export markets. Expanding into these markets could set a positive example for other sectors, demonstrating that sustainability is not just good for the environment but also profitable.

The report also emphasizes the importance of tailored financial incentives. By aligning grants with sustainability goals, Kosovo can encourage more environmentally friendly practices. Monitoring and impact assessments will help ensure that this funding reaches those who can make the most substantial impact.

Building a Sustainable Future

The transition to sustainable agriculture in Kosovo is complex, but the goal is achievable. To build resilience against climate impacts, integrate EU standards, and cultivate a thriving green economy, Kosovo must enhance training, promote sustainability in education, and improve regulatory enforcement. Incorporating sustainability into school curricula, expanding research on green farming practices, and strengthening ties between the private sector and academia are all vital for long-term progress.

As the PPSE report indicates, Kosovo’s agricultural sector stands at a pivotal moment. With targeted interventions, strategic investments, and collaboration between government and private stakeholders, the future holds the promise of a sustainable, resilient agricultural economy that benefits not only Kosovo’s environment but its people and economy as well.

PPSE is a Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation project, implemented by Swisscontact and Riinvest Institute.